![]() If you are using any Linux flavor operating system, you have already used some of the commands mentioned above.ĭo let me know in comments if you have used any other command with "ls". (25) List out output without any color coding $ls -color=never (24) List out details of files and directories but exclude group information $ls -lG (23) List out details of files and directories but exclude owner information $ls -g (22) Display size of file in desired format $ls -l -block-size=K (21) Print content of home directory $ls ~ (20) Print version of ls command $ls -version (19) View only text file by using wild card $ls *.txt (15) List files and directories with allocated size $ls -s (14) List files and directories with index number $ls -i (13) List one file/directory per line $ls -1 ![]() List Files and Directories using dir Command. (12) View all files and directories under quotes $ls -lQ Unlike the echo command, the printf command will display both files and directories. (11) View UID and GID of files and directories $ls -n (10) View all the files and directories recursively $ls -R (9) View files and directories with full path $ls -d $PWD/* (8) Details of files and directories with time $ls -la (5) View sub-directories available in directory $ls * (4) View file details and hidden files both $ls -la (3) View details of files and directories $ls -l (1) Basic Usage of 'ls' command - list files and directories #ls Click Here if you want to know the Top 25 Linux Commands for Beginners. I am using the Ubuntu operating system for demonstration although the same commands you can use on any Linux flavor operating system. In this article, I am showing you the usage of 25 practical 'ls' command examples in Linux. In general, when I need to list hidden files, this is the command I use.'ls' is a frequently used command in Linux. Now we see the long format of all files in this directory, including hidden files. ![]() You could enter each option separately like this "ls -a -l Downloads", but you can actually combine options, which means you can simply type "ls -al Downloads", so that's what I'll do. Now, I mentioned that I use these commands together, so I'll show you how to do that. The "-l" option shows the list in "long format" which includes the permissions, number of hard links, owner, group, size, last-modified date and the filename. It's the "-l" option, and if I type "ls -l Downloads" you can see it in action. There are other options that can be passed to the "ls" command, and if you're interested, I'd encourage you to Google them, or take a look at this Wikipedia article but I'm just going to show you one more, because I almost never use the -a option without it. (Windows machines also have a similar file.) The ".hiddenfile" file is actually just a dummy file that I created. The ".DS_Store" file is a metadata file that the Mac operating system creates in each directory and contains information about that directory and its contents. ![]() You'll also notice that they are not shown in Finder by default. These are hidden files, and are not included in the "ls" command by default. We also see a few files that start with a ".". I'll talk more about that in the next section. The "." and "." items simply represent the current directory and one level up respectively. This time, we see a few more items in the list. ![]() For example, the "-a" option will show all files and folders, including hidden ones. The "ls" command has many options that, when passed, affect the output. ![]()
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